All NCERT Biology Examples
Class 11th & 12th Complete List for NEET
Class 11th Examples
Red dinoflagellates
Examples: Gonyaulax
Euglenoids
Examples: Euglena
Amoeboid protozoans
Examples: Amoeba, entamoeba
Flagellated protozoans
Examples: Trypanosoma
Ciliated protozoans
Examples: Paramecium
Sporozoans
Examples: Plasmodium (malarial parasite)
Phycomycetes
Examples: Mucor, Rhizopus, albugo (parasitic fungus on mustard)
Ascomycetes
Examples: Penicillium, yeast, aspergillus, Claviceps, neurospora, morels and truffels
Basidiomycetes
Examples: Agaricus (mushroom), ustilago (smut), Puccinia (rust fungus)
Deuteromycetes
Examples: Alternaria, Colletotrichum and trichoderma
Colonial algae
Examples: Volvox
Filamentous algae
Examples: Ulothrix and spirogyra
Isogamous reproduction
Examples: Flagellated (ulothrix), Non-flagellated (spirogyra)
Anisogamous reproduction
Examples: Eudorina
Oogamous reproduction
Examples: Volvox, fucus
Marine algae used as food
Examples: Porphyra, laminaria and sargassum
Algae producing hydrocolloids
Examples: Algin (brown algae) and carageen (red algae)
Protein rich algae
Examples: Chlorella
Chlorophyceae
Examples: Chlamydomonas, volvox, Ulothrix, spirogyra and chara
Phaeophyceae
Examples: Ectocarpus, dictyota, laminaria, sargassum and fucus
Rhodophyceae
Examples: Polusiphonia, porphyra, gracilaria and gelidium
Liverworts (bryophytes)
Examples: Marchantia
Mosses (bryophytes)
Examples: Funaria, polytrichum and sphagnum
Pteridophyte classes
Examples: Psilopsida (Psilotum), Lycopodium (selaginella, lycopodium), Sphenopsida (equisetum), Pteropsida (Dryopteris, pteris, adiantum)
Pteriodophytes microphylls
Examples: Selaginella
Pteridophytes macrophylls
Examples: Ferns
Pteridophytes with strobili
Examples: Selaginella, equisetum
Heterosporous pteridophytes
Examples: Selaginella and salvinia
Unbranched stem
Examples: Cycas
Branched stem
Examples: Pinus, cedrus
Bisexual gymnosperm
Examples: Pinus
Unisexual gymnosperm
Examples: Cycas
Coelomates
Examples: Annelids, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates
Pseudocoelomates
Examples: Aschelminthes
Acoelomates
Examples: Platyhelminthes
Phylum - Porifera
Examples: Sycon (scypha), Spongilla (fresh water sponge) and euspongia (bath sponge)
Phylum Coelentrata (Cnidaria)
Examples: Meandrina, physalia, adamsia, pennatula, gorgonia
Phylum - Ctenophora
Examples: Pleurobrachia and ctenoplana
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Examples: Taenia(tapeworm)
Phylum - Aschelminthes
Examples: Ascaris, wuchereria, ancyclostoma
Phylum - Annelida
Examples: Nereis, pheretima(earthworm) and hirudinaria(blood sucking leech)
Phylum - Arthropoda
Examples: Apis, bombyx, laccifer. Vectors: anopheles, culex, aedes. Pest: locusta. Living fossils: limulus
Phylum - Mollusca
Examples: Pila, Pinctada, sepia, loligo, octopus, aplysia, dentalium and chaetopleura
Phylum - Echinodermata
Examples: Asterias, echinus, antedon, cucumaria and ophiura
Phylum - Hemichordata
Examples: Balanoglossus and saccoglossus
Urochordata
Examples: Ascidia, salpha, doliolum
Cephalochordata
Examples: Branchiostoma, amphioxus or lancelet
Cyclostomata
Examples: Petromyzon(lamprey), myxine(hag fish)
Chondrichthyes
Examples: Scoliodon, pristis, carcharodon, trygon
Osteichthyes
Examples: Marine: Exocoetus, hippocampus. Fresh water: Labeo, catla, clarius. Aquarium: Betta, pterophyllum
Ambhibia
Examples: Bufo, rana, hyla, Salamandra, ichthyophis(limbless amphibia)
Reptilia
Examples: Chelone, testudo, chameleon, calotes, crocodilus, alligator, hamidactylus
Aves
Examples: Corvus, columba, psittacula, Struthio, pavo, Aptenodytes, neophron
Mammalia
Examples: Oviparous: ornithorhynchus. Viviparous: Macropus, Pteropus, camelus, macaca, rattus, canis, felis, elephas, equus, delphinus, Balaenoptera, panthera tigris, panthera leo
Taproot system
Examples: Dicot plants (Mustard)
Fibrous root system
Examples: Monocot plants (wheat)
Adventitious root system
Examples: Grass, monstera and the banyan tree
Prop roots
Examples: Banyan tree
Stilt roots
Examples: Maize, sugarcane
Pneumatophores
Examples: Rhizophora
Modified stem
Examples: Potato, ginger, turmeric, zamikand, colocasia
Modified root
Examples: Sweet potato
Pinnately compound leaf
Examples: Neem
Palmately compound leaf
Examples: Silk cotton
Alternate phyllotaxy
Examples: China rose, mustard and sunflower
Opposite phyllotaxy
Examples: Calotropis and guava plants
Whorled phyllotaxy
Examples: Alstonia
Actinomorphic flower
Examples: Mustard, datura, chili
Zygomorphic flower
Examples: Pea, gulmohar, bean, cassia
Hypogynous flower
Examples: Mustard, china rose, brinjal
Perigynous flower
Examples: Plum, peach, rose
Epigynous flower
Examples: Guava, cucumber
Valvate aestivation
Examples: Calotropis
Twisted aestivation
Examples: China rose, lady's finger and cotton
Imbricate aestivation
Examples: Cassia and gulmohar
Vexillary aestivation
Examples: Pea and bean flowers
Monoaldephous androecium
Examples: China rose
Dialdephous androecium
Examples: Pea
Polyaldephous androecium
Examples: Citrus
Apocarpous gynoecium
Examples: Lotus and rose
Syncarpous gynoecium
Examples: Mustard and tomato
Marginal placentation
Examples: Pea
Axile placentation
Examples: China rose, tomato and lemon
Parietal placentation
Examples: Argemone and mustard
Free central placentation
Examples: Dianthus and primrose
Basal placentation
Examples: Sunflower and marigold
Pigments
Examples: Carotenoids, anthocyanins
Alkaloids
Examples: Morphine, codeine
Terpenoids
Examples: Monoterpenes, diterpenes
Essential oils
Examples: Lemon grass oil
Toxins
Examples: Abrin, ricin
Lectins
Examples: Concanavalin A
Drugs
Examples: Vinblastin, curcumin
Polymeric substance
Examples: Rubber, gums, cellulose
Respiration diffusion
Examples: Sponges, coelenterates, flatworms
Cutaneous respiration
Examples: Earthworms
Tracheal respiration
Examples: Insects
Branchial respiration
Examples: Aquatic arthropods and molluscs
Pulmonary respiration
Examples: Amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
2-chambered heart
Examples: Fishes
3-chambered heart
Examples: Amphibians, reptiles(except crocs)
4-chambered heart
Examples: Birds and mammals
Ammonotelic animals
Examples: Bony fishes, aquatic amphibians/insects
Ureotelic animals
Examples: Mammals, terrestrial amphibians
Uricotelic animals
Examples: Reptiles, birds, land snails, insects
Excretory structures
Examples: Protonephridia (flatworms), Nephridia (earthworms), Malphigian tubules (insects)
Amoeboid movement
Examples: Amoeba
Ciliary movement
Examples: Trachea, female reproductive tracts
Muscular movement
Examples: Jaws, limbs, tongue
Flagellar movement
Examples: Spermatozoa, sponges, euglena
Fibrous joints
Examples: Sutures of skull
Cartilaginous joints
Examples: Between adjacent vertebrae
Synovial joints
Examples: Ball/socket, Hinge, Pivot, Gliding
Multipolar neurons
Examples: In cerebral cortex
Bipolar neurons
Examples: Retina of eye
Unipolar neurons
Examples: Embryonic stage
Protein hormones
Examples: Insulin, glucagon, pituitary
Steroid Hormones
Examples: Cortisol, testosterone, estradiol
Iodothyronines
Examples: Thyroid hormones
Amino-acid hormones
Examples: Epinephrine
Class 12th Examples
Multicarpellary syncarpous
Examples: Papaver
Multicarpellary apocarpous
Examples: Michelia
One ovule in ovary
Examples: Wheat, paddy, mango
Many ovules in ovary
Examples: Papaya, watermelon, orchids
Autogamy
Examples: Viola, oxalis and commelina
Abiotic pollination
Examples: Wind and water
Biotic pollination
Examples: Bees, butterflies, bats, primates
Wind pollination
Examples: Grasses
Water pollination
Examples: Vallisnaria, hydrilla, Zostera
Insect/wind pollination
Examples: Water hyacinth, water lily
Consumed Endosperm
Examples: Pea, groundnuts, bean
Persistent endosperm
Examples: Castor and coconut
Albuminous seed
Examples: Wheat, maize, barley, castor
Non-albuminous seed
Examples: Pea and groundnut
True fruits
Examples: Most of the fruits
False fruits
Examples: Apple, strawberry, cashew
Parthenocarpic fruits
Examples: Banana
Apomixis
Examples: Asteraceae and grasses
Polyembryony
Examples: Citrus fruits
Pregnancy hormones
Examples: hCG, hPL, Estrogens, relaxin
Natural contraception
Examples: Periodic abstinence, lactational amenorrhea
Barrier contraception
Examples: Condoms, diaphragms, vaults
IUDs
Examples: Lippes loop, CuT, LNG-20
Incomplete dominance
Examples: Dog flower (snap dragon)
Co-dominance
Examples: ABO blood grouping
Pleiotropy
Examples: Phenylketonuria
Male heterogamety
Examples: Humans and drosophila(XY)
Female heterogamety
Examples: Birds(ZW)
Point mutation
Examples: Sickle cell anemia
Mendelian disorders
Examples: Haemophilia, thalassemia, colourblindness
Chromosomal disorders
Examples: Down's, klinefelter's, turner's syndrome
Purines
Examples: Adenine and guanine
Pyrimidines
Examples: Cytosine, uracil and thymine
Homologous Organs
Examples: Forelimbs of whales, bats. Thorns/tendrils
Analogous Organs
Examples: Wings of butterfly/birds, Eye of octopus/mammals
Root modification
Examples: Sweet potato
Stem modification
Examples: Potato
Adaptive radiation
Examples: Darwin finches, Australian marsupials
Placental mammals
Examples: Mole, anteater, lemur, bobcat
Australian mammals
Examples: Marsupial mole, spotted cuscus, tasmanian wolf
Passive immunity
Examples: Colostrum, snake bite injections
Primary lymphoid organs
Examples: Bone marrow and thymus
Secondary lymphoid
Examples: Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix
Predation
Examples: Prickly pear cactus & moth predator
Parasitism
Examples: Human liver fluke, Malarial parasite, Cuscuta
Brood parasitism
Examples: Cuckoo (koel) and the crow
Commensalism
Examples: Barnacles on whale, Orchid on mango branch
Mutualism
Examples: Lichens, Mycorrhizae, Fig & wasp
Hallucinogenic plants
Examples: Erythroxylum coca, atropa belladona, datura
Competition
Examples: Balanus and chathamalus (barnacles)
In situ conservation
Examples: Biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries
Ex situ conservation
Examples: Zoological parks, botanical gardens, safari
🎯 All The Best For Your Exams!
Umeed hai yeh clean list aapke revision mein helpful saabit hogi. Apne dosto ke sath zaroor share kre . and kasa laga content comment kare !
No comments:
Post a Comment